Testing set.



(LA. HOXIE.

TESTING SET. rrmommn nun APBJQ, 1 09.

Patented Mar 22, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1. v

m 7 mm 5 Ga ,0. A. Human TESTING SET.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 19, 1909 Patented mar. 22, 2.910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

a I 4 k S y line to nnother the result of this i'lecessity there has CHAELEQ A. HQXIE, DE? SCHENECTADY, YORK.

I TESTING SET.

p i -l Bf r Pei-tented 22, Ilfillth Application filed April 19, ml). Serial No. $90,957.

i all whom it magi concern:

*n tvn thnti jilrrAiznns Llloxrn, a

of New York, have invented certain new and uset'nl lillPIYH'LlllGillS in Testing Sets; of

which IJl 't'ollowing isa specification.

My present invention comprises an electrical testing set suitable for making measmements and tests on telephone and telegraph lines.

' ln the practical operation or" a telephone system. particularly when operating over long: distances. occasions nrise for making tests ot various kinds, such as the measurement of the resistance of line, or the location of at round or cross or the measnren'ient of insulation resistances from one or from line to ground, etc.

grown up a series of standard tests Well known t most Wire clneis, and fully described and explained in text books on electrical testing. As thus described, at considernhle variety of apparatus is necessary for "making the several tests, and considerable skill required in connecting up the appsratus and in melting the readings, and also in reducing these readings to useful form.

l3 the present invention all the elements nccess rv for the more common tests have been w nmned in a single apparatus and have there he-en arranged in such manner that by very simple adjustment of certain keysni? pines, all ordinary telephone mensnreinents c n h made; Furthermore. the reach are obtainable in terms which require littl insthenmticnl calculation to re clucc ictheir ultimate form.

A cent-ding; to my present invention, all the necessary elements. such as resistances, hetterics enryent: detectors. and the like, are

grouped :ihoot a innsteiwkcy, and are so arranged with relation to one another and to that master key. that for making the four most measnremei-ts. Yul-icy loop test, Murray loop test, and. break-tinder test, the prelimiiniportzint tests. namely, resistance vi'ates the necessity for expert electrical knowledge in making thesefonr basic measurements, and makes it possible to here's large part of the routine testing of s telephone exchange done by switchboard boys or ordinary \viremen.

The apparatus described herein also embodies improvements in certain of the elements, as for instance, the adjustable re SiSUHKC G and the current detecting means. But from a broad standpoint, my invention appears to reside more particularly in the grouping and correlation of the several elements whereby the great flexibility and adaptability of the ap status for its many different uses is assured.

ing a part of this specification, Figure '1 shows the top of the box in which many ed; Fig. 2 is a detail of the master lcey; Fig.

Figs. l to 12 inclusive-are diagrams illustrative of Vfl'llOllS results produced by shiftmg the connect-ions of the set.

the several elements;

In connecting up the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, I connect a twenty four volt battery to terminals 3 and l; nected to ground, and terminals '6 and T, are connected to a telephone receiver. Terminals 8 and 9 furnish means for connector tested. made, as occasion may require, through the regular switchboard of the exchange. the other connections can be of a permanent, i'intnre and made at the time the set is instolied. Terminal 10 is used only for, a test o nnnsnal character involving the connecting-in of a third linewire. Among other ,elements appearing in Fig. 1, is a alvenoineter G of ordinary type controlled ina, l mariner hereinafter described bykeys 11 and 12. The main or master key of the set is located just to the right of these alvzn nometer keys and has a handle 13 whi e can be thrown into any one of four different, positions. By throwing the handle to the rig-lit toward the marks 3. F. the testing set put in adjustment for the break-finder test; by throwing'it to the left toward V In the drawings accompanying and forni elements of the set are permanently mountto terminals 1 and 2, and a five volt battery Terminal 5 is con ing the set to the line wires to be messnred This connection is ordinarily All- 3 is a diagram of the various circuits, and

w l 'lhronghout the several figures like ret'erence characters have beemnsed to desrgnttte the Verley loo test may he made; by throw- I ing it down toward M the apparatus is ad justed for the Murray loop test; and when the handle is up, at R, resistance measurements may be made. This is the sole change necessary to put the testing set in complete.

adjustment for making any one these -mea1 is whereby the effective value of this resistance may be Varied. For makingresistance variations ofless than one whole loop or coil, there is provided a second contact arm 16 movable over'studs 17, 18, 19 and 20 to introduce successively tour one ohm coils as part of the adjustable resistance.

For many tests these more accurate adjust- 'ments are unnecessary. Also, in Fig. 1, there are shown plugs 21, 22 and 23, and at the right of arm 16,.plug sockets 25 and 26,

plug 27, socket 28 and plug 29. Each of these plugs and sockets has certain functions, butthese can'best be considered in connection with the. diagram constituting Fig. 3 in which these plugsand sockets again appear.

Fig. 3 shows the apparatus in its inactive or normal setting, Fig. tis a key or 11361521 to the relation of the more important elements of Fig. 3. The master key 18 shown as comprising four sets of spring clips designated respectively, B, V, M, and B. F. Each set of clips is of the general type shown in Fi 2 as comprising inner contacts 30 and 31, movable contactors 32 and 33, and outer contacts 34c and 35. When the switch is thrown,

an insulating sleeve 36 is forced upward between the movable contactors, spreading them apart and thereby opening the circuit to the inner contacts and establishing connection with the outer ones.

Referring again to Figs. 3 and 4, it will be seen that the line wire L coming in from the right by way of binding post 8 finds a path through the adjustable resistance R, around by way of resistance B, which constitutes one of the ratio arms of the set, to the junction point 37 and then back to the right by way of resistance A, which is'the other ratio arm, and finally, out through binding post 9 to the other line L. It may be here noted that resistance A is in three sections, one of 500 ohms to be used in all tests, and another of 500 ohms and one of 4500 ohms, which can be put into service, by pulling plugs 22 and 21 respectively, when the articular work in hand requires a multiplying factor in this A arm of the'bridge. The power teaser battery 5 is in connection with junction point? 37 by way of plug 93, and has its other terminal grounded by way of con ctor 38, cross connection 39, contactor 40, ontactor 41, transformer secondary S, conductors d2 and; l3, and finally through plug 29 and binding post 5 to ground. The transformer secondary S is the source of power for certain of the tests to be herein described and requires further mention. it has a primary P supplied with pulsating direct current from a battery 4A by way of the makeand-break device &5 commonly termed a buzzer. This battery circuit may be opened at the end of the days work by a switch K. I Buzzer 15 has a function in addition to that of making and breaking the circuit to primary P. its vibratory element carries a little hammer d6 which raps on contacts i7 and so makes and breaks the circuit in conductor 48 leading to the telephone re ceiver l., This telephone forms part of the current detecting means of the apparatus and may be used in conjunction with the galvanometer G, or independently thereof, as occasion may dictate.

Let us next consider l'current detecting means in detail. Referring to Fig. 4., it will be seen that the current detecting means there indicated by the-letter- (it, is connected directly across the lines and Referring to Fig. 3, we can trace ,thisiout as follows: Beginning at binding post 8, where the line L enters, and going upward on the first verticalline, namely, 49,ai1d. around by way of cont-actor 50' and. contactor 51, we reach conductor 52; but there the path divides into three; one through receiver T and vibrating contacts &7 a second through key 11 and galvanomete'r G- and-its shunt 53; and Ya third throughjkey 12 and galvanometer G. Each of these three paths has its functions. When making the breakfinder test, only the path through the tele phone is used. But in. iii-any of the other tests and measurements, all three paths can profitably be nsed,for by making the preliminary and rougher adjustments with the telephone alone in circuit, the operator can work at high speed and is relieved of all the annoyance incident to throwing a galvanoine tcr across badly unbalanced bridge. After the operator has satisfied himself, by aid.

the telephone, that he has worked the system into a very nearly balanced condi tion. hccan then discard the telephone and finish up by aid of the "galvanonmter G. Key 11 throws the galvanofifneter in circuit while protected by a shunt resistance 53, though for the final ad'iustment key 12 alone can be used. the. by throwing the galvanometei. directly across the bridge. it will thus be seen tlIELt.- GX the normal or inactive setting of the i runient, the bat tery b is not supplying current to anything lot] lit)

vl'heatstone bridge adjustment.

caliper and so can be left permanentlyconnected to the terminals 1 and 2 without danger of deterioration. connected in series with the secondary S of the small transformer, it is possible to throw the various elements of the. testing maining unchanged; This change throws the elements into the relation shown in Fig. 5, which, as will be seen, is the ordinary in detail, this change consists in. disconnecting the battery B from ground at contactor 38' and connecting it i'nby way of conductors and 49, to the j11ncti0n point between the "unlrnown line and. the adjustable resistance R. Also, the .change includes disconnecting the galvanometer circuit at contactor 50. and re-connecting, by way of contact 56, to the? junction point 57, sistance B connects with resistance ll. \Vith this settin of the master key, the apparatus has al the functions of a Wheatstone bridge, but-with the additional advantage of the telephone receiver T operative independently of the galvanomcter to make approximate illQilSUlGlllQlll-S,and operative in conjunction therewith to increase the speed with which the more accurate measurements can be made. I

To change the apparatus into proper adjustment for making the Varley loop test, it is only necessary to throw the master key into the V position. By this movement, contactorsBS and 50 are restored to their normal'position and contactors ll and 51 are spread into their outer positions. This change disconnects battery I at contactor 3-8 and reconnects it to ground by way of contactor 38, cross-connection 3S). contactors a0 ",and ll, conductors 42 and i3, and plug 29 lto ground, stated. All the other elements of the set remain in the same relation as before, with tho galvauometer connectcd across the bridge inadc up by, -resistanccs A and ll as ratio arms and R and the un'ltnown as the other arms. This is the setting required for the Varley loop test. the object and nature of which need coniactors 40 and 58. This change short circuits resistance B at contactor 58- and By having the battery I).

where reagain puts battery 3) to ground by way of contractor 40. For the break-finder test, the master key is thrown into the BF. position, thus spreading contactors 59 an d 60. Join tactor 59 serves to short circuit the vibrating contacts 47 leaving the telephone connects directly across the lines L, L, as in the normal settin of the instrument. Contactor serves to s ort-circuit resistance B. During this test, the transformer secondary S is in circuit and constitutes the eft'ective source of energy. "The b1'eak-finder test is based on a comparison of the electrostatic capacity of a good line with that oi aybrolien line, the distance to the break being based on calculation from this ratio, in well known manner. These measugements constitute the four basic tests of a telephone system and, as above explained, can be made bythis apps.-

ratus after-it has been thrown into adjustment by the simple operation of throwing.

the master key into the appropriate position. But in addition to the tour basic measurements, there are certain other standard tcsts possible with this apparati'is, provided changes are made in the setting of the plugs shown in Fig. 1. Thus, to measure high insulation resistance (metallic) it is saith cient to set the master key at. normal and then changeplug 27 to socket 26 and plug :22 to socket 28 and remove plug 23.

in Fig. 9, which is the proper relation for making high insulation tests from wire to.

-by Figs. 9 to 12, inclusive, the buzzer 45 is not in operation.

For making high insulation tests to ground. the setting plugs shown in .F is modified bytcliangmg -27 to 26, and removing 23: T his gives the rclation shown in Fig. 11. For making low insulation resistance measurement to ground, the arrangement of Fig. 11 is altered by shifting plug 24 (Fig. 3). to socket. 25, thus p'uiting a 500-ohm resistance in series with the vari able resistance of the set, also putting a resistance in shunt to the galvanometer. This relation is shown in Fig-'12.

It will be seen thatby the above changes in plugs, the apparatus can be used for the more common resistance thereby taking the place of both the galvanometer set and the voltmeter ordinarily used by telephone men for this ourposc.

To sum up, it may be said that this apparatus embodies all the elements of a Wheatstone bridge, a break-finder set, a voltmeter insulation set. and a galvanometer insulation set, and the elements are so disposed and cor- This throws the elements into the relation shown measurements,

related that the four basic telephone tests an be made without other preliminary adjustment than that of throwing a master key. 1

What ll claim as new and desire to'secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is, 1. In a testing set, the combination of two .fixed resistances, an adjustable resistance,

current detecting means, a battery, line ter; nnnals, and a four-way master key normally connectlng one end of said battery to ground and also connecting said current detecting means across said line .terminals, said key having means for (llSCOIlIlGCl'JIIg saidbattery from ground and for then establishing a Wheatstone-bridge relation'between said re-.

3. In a testing set, terminals for the un known resistance, a current detector normally connected across said terminals, two fixed resistances and an adjustable resistance normally forming a closed loop with said current detector, and a master key adapted to shift the connections of battery and current detector and establish the Varley loop relation with the unknown resist ance.

4-. in a testing set, a battery, a grounded terminal, a fixed esistance normally con- "nected to one end of said battery, an ad ustable resistance, two line terminals, a current detector connectedacross said line terminals and to said fixedresi-stance, and amaster lrey haying contactors between said batteryand said grounded terminal and between said current detector and said adjustable resis nice and between said ad ustable resistance and a battery terminal, substantially as described.

in atestmg set, the combination of a telephone receiver, a source-for supplying.

current thereto, contacts in the path of said current, means for shunting said contacts at will and a local circuit including a buzzer, said buzzer having means rapidly and periodically closing said contacts to establish unidirectional current pulsations in said telephone receiver.

6. In a testing set, a current detector comprising a galvanometer and a telephone receiver, a source of energy common to both. said receiver and said galvanometer, vibrating contacts in circuit with said receiver to render the supplied energy pulsating and means for shunting said contacts at ill.

7. In a testing set, the combination ofa battery, a buzzer nnd a transformer primary all connected in series, a ground connection for the secondary of said transformer, two resistances, means for connecting said resistances together, and to said transformer see other ends of said resistances,'vibratory conondary, a telephone receiver connecting the tacts connected to-said telephone receiver, and means for shunting said contacts when: said transformer secondary is supplying cur rent to said resistances.

' 8. In a testing set, the combination of two resistances constituting ratio arms, an adjustable resistance, a current detector, a source of" energy, agrounded terminal, and two line terminals for connection to the conductors under test, and means operative by a single key for connecting said elements in the Wheatstone' bridge relation, or in the Varley loop relation, or in the Murray loop relation, as desired.

9. In a testing set, the combination of two resistances constituting ratio arms,- an adjustable resistance, a current detector, a source of energy, a grounded terminal, and two line terminals for connection to the conductors under test, and means operative by a single key for connecting said elements in the lVheatstone bridge relation, or in the Varley loop relation, or in the Murray loop relation, or in the break-finder relation, as desired. 1 v

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 17th day of April, 1909. 

